The term "Delano Manongs" refers to the Filipino farm laborers who played a significant role in the American labor movement, particularly during the Delano grape strike of the 1960s. Their story is a testament to the struggles and contributions of Filipino immigrants in the United States.
Early Migration:
Filipino migration to the United States began in the early 1900s. Many Filipinos, mainly from the Ilocos region of the Philippines, were recruited to work on American plantations, farms, and canneries. They were known as "sakadas," which means "contract workers."
Discrimination and Exploitation:
Filipino immigrants faced harsh working conditions, discrimination, and racism in the United States. Labor laws and social norms often denied them the same rights and privileges enjoyed by other workers. Despite these challenges, they persevered and formed close-knit communities.
Role in the Labor Movement:
In the 1960s, Filipino labor leaders, including Larry Itliong and Philip Vera Cruz, played a pivotal role in organizing farm laborers in California's Central Valley. Itliong, in particular, was instrumental in leading the Delano grape strike of 1965. The strike began when Filipino workers, inspired by Itliong's leadership, walked off the grape fields in Delano, California, demanding higher wages and better working conditions.
Formation of the UFW:
Larry Itliong's Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) merged with Cesar Chavez's National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) to form the United Farm Workers (UFW) in 1966. This merger brought together Filipino and Mexican laborers, creating a powerful and diverse labor movement.
The Delano Grape Strike:
The Delano grape strike, which began on September 8, 1965, marked a significant turning point. Thousands of Filipino and Mexican workers, along with their supporters, marched, picketed, and boycotted grape growers to demand better wages and working conditions. Their dedication and solidarity led to widespread attention and support for the farmworker's cause.
Successes and Legacy:
The UFW achieved several significant victories, including labor contracts with grape growers and improvements in labor conditions. The Delano Manongs' struggle paved the way for better treatment and labor rights for farmworkers across the United States.
Legacy and Recognition:
Today, the Delano Manongs are remembered and celebrated for their courage and dedication to the labor movement. Their legacy lives on as a reminder of the importance of unity, collective action, and the fight for justice.
The Delano Manongs' contributions are an integral part of Filipino American history and the broader American labor movement, and their story continues to inspire generations of activists and advocates for workers' rights.